Table 1 Groups of simulation experiments for speech acquisition
Group name | Specification of training items | Number of training items | Size of SOM | Phonetic features learned | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protovocalic babbling (prelinguistic) | Variation of tongue position | 1076 | 15 Ă— 15 | Front-back; low-high; | [44] |
Protoconsonantal babbling (prelinguistic) | Variation of initial closure: labial, apical, or dorsal | 279 | 15 Ă— 15 | Place of articulation; | |
Vowel imitation (part of model language) | 5 vowels (V): /i, e, a, o, u/ | 500 | 15 Ă— 15 | Front-back; low-high; | [44] |
Consonant imitation (part of model language) | 15 CV syllables: 5 vowels (V) with 3 consonants (C): /b, d, g/ | 465 | 15 Ă— 15 | Place of articulation; | |
Syllable imitation (model language: V, CV, CCV) | 70 syllables: 5 V + 5 V with 9 single C: /b, d, g, p, t, k, m, n, l/ as CV + 5 V with 6 clustered CC: /bl, gl, pl, kl/ as CCV | 600 | 25 Ă— 25 | Place and manner; voiced-voiceless; type of syllable; | |
Imitation of frequent syllables (real language) | Standard German; 200 most frequent syllables; | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male speaker; one realization per syllable | 200 | 15 Ă— 15 | Stressed-unstressed; vowel type; | [22] | |
| Â | Â | 20 Ă— 20 | Same; | Â | |
25 Ă— 25 | Same; | Â | |||
Female speaker; up to 27 realizations per syllable | 703 | 25 Ă— 25 | Same; | This study |